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    • IZIVINYO ZEPLASTIKI ZOKUSEBENZISA KANYE
    Ukusebenzisa okukodwa kwePlastiki Ukuvinjelwa emazweni ahlukene

    Ukuvinjelwa Kwepulasitiki
    01

    Imithetho Yokuvimbela Ipulasitiki Esetshenziswa Kakodwa e-Canada

    Ngomhla zingama-22 kuNhlangulana 2022, uHulumeni waseCanada washicilela Imithetho Yokuvinjelwa Kokusetshenziswa Okukodwa Kwepulasitiki (iMithetho), kuGazethi yaseCanada, Ingxenye II. Imithethonqubo iyakwenqabela ukwakhiwa, ukungenisa, ukuthengiswa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezigaba eziyisi-6 zezinto zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye (SUP). Izigaba zezinto izikhwama zokukhokha, izinto zokusika, izinto zesevisi yokudla ezenziwe noma eziqukethe amapulasitiki ayinkinga, izinto ezithwala izindandatho, izinti zokunyakazisa notshani.
    02

    Imithetho Yokuvinjelwa Kwepulasitiki Yokusetshenziswa Kakodwa e-US

    Njengamanje, i-US ayizange ibeke ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki okukodwa ezingeni likahulumeni, kodwa lesi sibopho sithathwe yizifundazwe namadolobha. I-Connecticut, i-California, i-Delaware, i-Hawaii, i-Maine, i-New York, i-Oregon, ne-Vermont zonke zibeke imingcele ezikhwameni zepulasitiki. I-San Francisco kwaba idolobha lokuqala ukuvimba ngokuphelele izikhwama zepulasitiki ngo-2007. Yonke indawo yaseCalifornia yasebenzisa ukuvinjelwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki ngo-2014, futhi kusukela lapho kube nokuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki ngo-70% kuhulumeni. Kodwa-ke, usengathola izikhwama zepulasitiki ezitolo zokudla, njengoba imithetho ayizange isetshenziswe kahle eminyakeni embalwa edlule. INew York ibhekene nesimo esifanayo, njengoba izikhwama zepulasitiki zavalwa esifundazweni ngo-2020 kodwa amanye amabhizinisi asaqhubeka nokuzisabalalisa; futhi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungalandelwa kahle kwemithetho yokungcola. Okunye kwalokhu kungabangwa yi-COVID-19, okwaba nzima imizamo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki. Ukwanda kwamagilavu, imaski, kanye nenye i-PPE kube yingozi empilweni yolwandle lwethu. Selokhu kwaqala lolu bhubhane, izilwandle zibone amakhilogremu angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-57 wemfucuza ehlobene ne-COVID. Ngokusobala, njengoba umhlaba usuqala ukululama emiphumeleni yalolu bhubhane, ukunakwa kubuyela emiphumeleni yepulasitiki endaweni ezungezile, ngokuqiniswa komthetho. Lolu bhubhane seluphinde lwaveza ukuthi inkinga yokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki ibucayi kangakanani, kanye nezinqubomgomo eziningi zokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ezimisiwe noma zahlehliswa ziyaphinda zisebenze.

    Uma ubheka ikusasa, uMnyango Wezangaphakathi wase-US uthe ngo-2032, imikhiqizo yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye izobe ingasekho emapaki kazwelonke nakwezinye izindawo zomphakathi.
    03

    Izifundazwe nezindawo zase-Australia zizibophezele ukuvimbela amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye.

    Ukuvinjelwa kukaHulumeni Womthetho wokusika izinto zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye, ama-stirrer eziphuzo kanye neziqukathi ze-polystyrene zokudla neziphuzo kwaqala mhla lu-1 kuNtulikazi wezi-2021, ngotshani, izinti zikakotini namapulasitiki awonakele kwaqedwa mhla lu-1 kuJulayi 2022. Esigabeni sesithathu samapulasitiki azovinjelwa, amapuleti nezitsha zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye, ukupakishwa kokugcwalisa okuxekethile kwe-polystyrene okunwetshiwe, amathreyi e-polystyrene anwetshiwe kanye nama-microbead epulasitiki kwavinjelwa mhla lu-1 kuJulayi 2023, futhi kuzolandelwa izikhwama zepulasitiki ezisindayo ngomhla lu-1 kuJulayi 2024.

    Ukuvinjelwa kukaHulumeni waseNew South Wales kumapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kuphela kwaqala mhla lu-1 kuNovemba 2022, ukuvimbela izitsha zepulasitiki, ama-stirrer, izinto zokusika, amapuleti nezitsha, izinto zesevisi ye-polystyrene ezinwetshiwe, izinti zepulasitiki zikakotini, kanye nama-microbeads ezimonyoni. Izikhwama zokuthenga zepulasitiki ezingasindi zaqedwa mhla lu-1 kuNhlangulana wezi-2022.

    Uhulumeni Wesifunda SaseNyakatho uzibophezele ukuvimbela amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye ngo-2025 ngaphansi kwe-NT Circular Economy Strategy, ehlongoza ukuvala izikhwama zepulasitiki, utshani bepulasitiki nama-stirrers, izinto zokusika zepulasitiki, izitsha zepulasitiki namapuleti, i-polystyrene enwetshiwe (EPS), iziqukathi zokudla zabathengi, ama-microbead emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo yomuntu siqu, ukupakishwa kwezimpahla zabathengi be-EPS (ukugcwala okuxekethile nokubunjiwe), namabhaluni e-helium. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izikhwama zepulasitiki ezisindayo, ngaphansi kwenqubo yokubonisana.
    Ukuvinjelwa kukaHulumeni wase-Queensland kumapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kuphela kwaqala ngomhlaka-1 Septhemba 2021, evimbela izitsha zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye, izihlungi zeziphuzo, izinto zokusika, amapuleti, izitsha nezitsha ze-polystyrene zokudla nezitsha zeziphuzo. Ngomhla lu-1 kuSepthemba 2023, ukuvinjelwa kuzonwetshwa kuma-microbeads epulasitiki, izinti zikakotini, amaphakheji e-polystyrene axegayo, kanye nokukhishwa okukhulu kwamabhaluni alula kunomoya. Uhulumeni uphinde wathi bazokwethula indinganiso yokuthi izikhwama ziphinde zisetshenziswe kabusha ngomhlaka-1 Septhemba 2023, ezovala izikhwama zepulasitiki ezisindayo ezilahlwayo.

    Ukuvinjelwa kweSouth Australia kumapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kuphela kwaqala mhla lu-1 kuNdasa wezi-2021, kwenqabela izitsha zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye, izihluthulelo zeziphuzo kanye nezinto zokusika, kulandelwa izitsha zokudla neziphuzo ze-polystyrene namapulasitiki awonakaliswa yi-oxo ngomhlaka-1 Mashi 2022. Ezinye izinto ezihlanganisa izikhwama zepulasitiki eziwugqinsi, izinkomishi zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye neziqukathi zepulasitiki ezithathayo zizovinjelwa phakathi kuka-2023-2025.
    Imithetho kaHulumeni Wesifunda SaseVictoria evimbela amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanyekanye yaqala mhla lu-1 kuNhlolanja wezi-2023, okuhlanganisa izitsha zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye, izinto zokusika, amapuleti, iziqhumiso zokuphuza, izitsha zokudla neziphuzo ze-polystyrene, nezinti zepulasitiki zikakotini. Ukuvinjelwa kuhlanganisa izinguqulo zepulasitiki ezivamile, ezonakele, nezivundile zalezi zinto.

    Uhulumeni WaseNtshonalanga Australia uphasise imithetho yokwenqabela amapuleti epulasitiki, izitsha, izinkomishi, izinto zokusika, izihluthulelo, izinhlanga, izikhwama zepulasitiki eziwugqinsi, iziqukathi zokudla ze-polystyrene, kanye nokukhishwa kwebhaluni le-helium ngo-2022. izinkomishi/izivalo zekhofi eziqukethe ipulasitiki, izithiyo zepulasitiki/izikhwama zokukhiqiza, iziqukathi, izitsha zikakotini ezinemiphini yepulasitiki, ukupakishwa kwe-polystyrene, ama-microbead namapulasitiki awonakaliswa yi-oxo azoqala ukuvinjelwa (nakuba ukuvinjelwa kungeke kusebenze phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 - 28 ngemuva kwalokho. lolu suku kuye ngokuthi into).

    I-Tasmania ayizange izibophezele ekuvimbeleni amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye, nokho ukuvinjelwa kwamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye sekwenziwe imikhandlu yedolobha eHobart naseLaunceston.
    04

    Ukuvinjelwa ukusetshenziswa kanyekanye kwamapulasitiki e-England

    Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMfumfu wezi-2023 amabhizinisi akumele esakwazi ukuhlinzeka, ukuthengisa noma ukunikeza izinto ezithile zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye e-England.

    Ukuvinjelwa kwalezi zinto kuhlanganisa
    ● Ukuthengiswa nokunikezwayo okuku-inthanethi nangaphandle kwekhawunta.
    ● Izinto ezivela kusitoko esisha nesikhona.
    ● Zonke izinhlobo zamapulastiki asetshenziswa kanye, okuhlanganisa okubolayo, okuvundisiwe nokugaywa kabusha.
    ● Izinto ezenziwe ngokuphelele noma ingxenye ngepulasitiki, okuhlanganisa ukunamathela noma ulayini.
    'Ukusetshenziswa kanye' kusho ukuthi into ihloselwe ukuthi isetshenziselwe injongo yayo yasekuqaleni kanye kuphela.

    Amabhizinisi kufanele
    ● Sebenzisa isitoko esikhona ngaphambi komhla ka-1 Okthoba.
    ● Thola ezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa kabusha kuzinto ezisetshenziswa kanye.
    ● Sebenzisa izinto ezahlukene ezintweni zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye.
    Uma uqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye avinjelwe ngemva komhla lu-1 kuMfumfu, ungahlawuliswa.
    Kukhona ukukhululwa okuthile ekuvinjweni, kuye ngento.

    Amapuleti, izitsha namathileyi
    Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMfumfu akumele unikeze amalungu omphakathi amapuleti, amathreyi nezitsha ezisetshenziswa kanyekanye.
    05

    Imikhawulo ye-EU kumapulasitiki athile asetshenziswa kanye

    I-EU ilwa nokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki. Kusukela mhla zi-3 kuJulayi 2021, amapuleti epulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye, izinto zokusika, izitshani, izinti zebhaluni kanye nezicucu zikakotini azikwazi ukubekwa ezimakethe Zamazwe Angamalungu e-EU. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso esifanayo sisebenza ezinkomishini, ezitsheni zokudla naseziphuzweni ezenziwe nge-polystyrene enwetshiwe, kanye nayo yonke imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngepulasitiki e-oxo-degradable.

    Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye yenziwa ipulasitiki yonke noma ingxenye yayo futhi ngokuvamile ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa kanye nje noma isikhathi esifushane ngaphambi kokuthi ilahlwe. Ngaphansi kwemithetho emisha, imikhiqizo ethile yepulasitiki elahlayo okukhona okunye okukhona iyavinjelwa. Kuphinde kwethulwe izinyathelo eziqondile zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ethile.
    06

    Imithetho Yokuvinjelwa Kwepulasitiki e-China

    I-China ibilokhu inamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu kumthelela wemvelo wemfucuza yepulasitiki futhi yayingelinye lamazwe okuqala ukukhipha "ukuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki". Kusukela ngo-June 2008, i-China yaqala ukusebenzisa "ukuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki", ngokusebenzisa i-lever yamanani, ukwandisa izindleko zezikhwama zepulasitiki, ukuze kukhuthazwe futhi kuhlakulele ukuqwashisa komphakathi ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo, umphumela usobala kubo bonke. Idatha efanelekile ibonisa ukuthi isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka sokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki e-China sehlile sisuka ngaphezu kwama-20% ngaphambi kuka-2008 saya ngaphansi kuka-3% okwamanje. Kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2016, ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki ezitolo ezinkulu nasezinxanxatheleni zezitolo ngokuvamile kwehliswa ngaphezu kuka-2/3, ngokuncipha okuhlanganisiwe okungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.4 ezikhwama zokuthenga zepulasitiki, okulingana nokunciphisa i-carbon dioxide cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-30. . Umkhawulo wepulasitiki udlale indima enhle ekwakheni iShayina enhle kanye nokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

    Ukuvinjelwa okwengeziwe kokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki okukodwa kuyeza...