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GUKORESHA UMUKINO WA PLASTIC
Koresha kimwe Kubuza Plastike mu bihugu bitandukanye

Kubuza plastike

Gukoresha inshuro imwe Amabwiriza yo Kubuza Plastike muri Kanada

Ku ya 22 Kamena 2022, Guverinoma ya Kanada yashyize ahagaragara amabwiriza yo kubuza plastike imwe rukumbi (Amabwiriza), mu Igazeti ya Kanada, Igice cya II. Amabwiriza abuza gukora, gutumiza, kugurisha no kohereza hanze ibyiciro 6 byibikoresho bya pulasitike imwe (SUP). Ibyiciro byibintu ni imifuka yo kugenzura, gukata, ibikoresho byo mu biribwa bikozwe mu bikoresho cyangwa birimo plastiki iteye ibibazo, abatwara impeta, inkoni zibyatsi.

Gukoresha inshuro imwe Amabwiriza yo Kubuza Plastike muri Amerika

Kugeza ubu, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ntizashyizeho itegeko ribuza gukoreshwa rimwe gusa ku rwego rwa leta, ariko iyi nshingano yafashwe na leta n’imijyi. Connecticut, Californiya, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, New York, Oregon, na Vermont bose bashyizeho ibihano ku mifuka ya pulasitike. San Francisco niwo mujyi wa mbere wahagaritse burundu imifuka ya pulasitike mu 2007. Abandi muri Californiya bashyize mu bikorwa itegeko ryabuzanyaga imifuka ya pulasitike mu 2014, kandi kuva icyo gihe muri Leta hagabanutseho 70% imifuka ya pulasitike. Nyamara, urashobora kubona imifuka ya pulasitike mububiko bwibiribwa, kuko amategeko atubahirijwe neza mumyaka mike ishize. New York ihura n'ikibazo nk'iki, kubera ko imifuka ya pulasitike yabujijwe muri leta muri 2020 ariko ubucuruzi bumwe na bumwe bukomeje kubikwirakwiza; na none ahanini bitewe no kubahiriza amategeko agenga umwanda. Bimwe muribi bishobora kwitirirwa COVID-19, bigoye imbaraga zo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya plastike. Kwiyongera kwa gants, masike, nizindi PPE byangiriye ubuzima bwinyanja yacu. Kuva icyorezo cyatangira, inyanja zabonye miliyoni zirenga 57 zama pound y’imyanda ijyanye na COVID. Ku kintu cyiza, mu gihe isi itangiye gukira ingaruka z’icyorezo, ibitekerezo biragaruka ku ngaruka za plastiki ku bidukikije, hamwe n’uburyo bukomeye. Icyorezo cyongeye kwibutsa uburyo ikibazo cy’umwanda uhumanya plastike gikomeye, kandi politiki nyinshi zo kugabanya umwanda zahagaritswe cyangwa zisubikwa zongeye gushyirwa mu bikorwa.

Urebye ejo hazaza, Minisiteri y’imbere muri Amerika yatangaje ko mu 2032, ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike bikoreshwa rimwe bizakurwa muri parike y’igihugu ndetse n’ubutaka rusange.

Intara n’intara za Australiya biyemeje guhagarika plastike imwe.

Guverinoma ya ACT yabujije ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa rimwe gusa, ibinyobwa bisindisha hamwe n’ibikoresho by’ibinyobwa bya polystirene byatangiye ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2021, hamwe n’ibyatsi, uduti tw’ipamba na plastiki zangirika byatangiye ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2022. Mu gice cya gatatu cya plastiki kibujijwe, isahani imwe hamwe n’ibikombe, kwagura polystirene yuzuye gupakira, kwagura inzira ya polystirene hamwe na mikorobe ya plastike byari bibujijwe ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2023, hanyuma bizakurikirwa n’imifuka ya pulasitike iremereye ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2024.

Guverinoma ya New South Wales yabujije plastike imwe rukumbi yatangijwe ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 2022, ibuza ibyatsi bya pulasitike, imashini, ibikoresho, amasahani hamwe n’ibikombe, kwagura ibikoresho by’ibiribwa bya polystirene, ibiti bya pamba bya pulasitike, na mikorobe mu kwisiga. Imifuka yo guhaha ya pulasitike yoroheje yakuweho ku ya 1 Kamena 2022.

Guverinoma y’intara y’Amajyaruguru yiyemeje guhagarika plastike imwe ikoreshwa mu 2025 hashingiwe ku ngamba y’ubukungu ya NT Circular Economy, isaba guhagarika imifuka ya pulasitike, ibyatsi bya pulasitike na stirrers, ibikoresho bya pulasitike, ibikombe bya pulasitike hamwe n’isahani, kwagura polystirene (EPS), ibikoresho by’ibiribwa, microbead mubicuruzwa byubuzima bwihariye, ibicuruzwa bya EPS bipfunyika (byuzuye kandi bibumbabumbwe), hamwe na ballon ya helium. Ibi birashobora kubamo imifuka iremereye ya pulasitike, bitewe nuburyo bwo kugisha inama.

Guhagarika guverinoma ya Queensland kubuza plastike imwe rukumbi byatangiye ku ya 1 Nzeri 2021, ibuza ibyatsi bya pulasitike imwe, ibinyobwa bisindisha, ibikoresho, amasahani, ibikombe hamwe n’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bya polystirene. Ku ya 1 Nzeri 2023, iryo tegeko rizabuzwa kugera kuri mikorobe ya pulasitike, uduti twa pamba, gupakira polystirene yuzuye, no kurekura imbaga imipira yoroheje kuruta ikirere. Guverinoma yavuze kandi ko bazashyiraho uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha imifuka yo gutwara imifuka ku ya 1 Nzeri 2023, ibyo bikazabuza guhagarika imifuka ya pulasitike iremereye.

Kubuza Ositaraliya yepfo kubuza plastike imwe rukumbi byatangiye ku ya 1 Werurwe 2021, bibuza ibyatsi bya pulasitike imwe gusa, ibinyobwa bisindisha hamwe n’ibikoresho, hanyuma bikurikirwa n’ibikoresho by’ibinyobwa bya polystirene n’ibinyobwa hamwe na plastiki yangirika ya oxo ku ya 1 Werurwe 2022. Ibindi bintu birimo imifuka yuzuye ya pulasitike, ibikombe bya pulasitike imwe gusa hamwe nibikoresho byo gufata plastike bizahagarikwa hagati ya 2023-2025.

Amategeko ya guverinoma ya leta ya Victoria abuza plastike imwe rukumbi yatangiye ku ya 1 Gashyantare 2023, harimo ibyatsi bya pulasitike bikoreshwa rimwe, ibikoresho, amasahani, ibinyobwa bisindisha, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa bya polystirene, hamwe n’ibiti bya pamba bya pulasitike. Ibibujijwe birimo ibisanzwe, byangirika, hamwe nifumbire mvaruganda yibintu.

Guverinoma ya Ositaraliya y'Uburengerazuba yemeje amategeko abuza amasahani ya plastike, ibikombe, ibikombe, ibikoresho, imashini, ibyatsi, imifuka yuzuye ya pulasitike, ibikoresho bya polystirene, hamwe na ballon ya helium irekurwa mu 2022. Mu cyiciro cya kabiri, kubera gutangira guhera ku ya 27 Gashyantare 2023, gufata. ikawa / ibipfundikizo birimo plastike, inzitizi ya pulasitike / itanga imifuka, ibikoresho byo gufata, udutambaro twa pamba hamwe na shitingi ya plastike, gupakira polystirene, microbead na plastike yangirika bizatangira kubuzwa (nubwo kubuzwa bitazatangira gukurikizwa hagati y’amezi 6 - 28 nyuma iyi tariki ukurikije ikintu).

Tasmania ntabwo yiyemeje kubuza plastike imwe rukumbi, icyakora kubuza plastike imwe rukumbi byashyizwe mu bikorwa ninama njyanama yumujyi wa Hobart na Launceston.

Gukoresha plastike imwe gusa mu Bwongereza

Kuva ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2023 ubucuruzi ntibugomba kongera gutanga, kugurisha cyangwa gutanga ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya pulasitike bikoreshwa mu Bwongereza.

Kubuza ibyo bintu birimo

● Kumurongo no kurenza kugurisha no gutanga.

Ibintu biva mububiko bushya kandi buriho.

Ubwoko bwose bwa plastike imwe rukumbi, harimo ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika, ifumbire mvaruganda kandi ikoreshwa neza.

Ibintu byuzuye cyangwa igice bikozwe muri plastiki, harimo gutwikira cyangwa gutondekanya.

'Gukoresha inshuro imwe' bisobanura ikintu kigenewe gukoreshwa rimwe gusa kubwintego yacyo yambere.

Ubucuruzi bugomba

● Koresha ububiko buriho mbere yitariki ya 1 Ukwakira.

● Shakisha ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa muburyo bumwe bwo gukoresha ibintu.

● Koresha ibikoresho bitandukanye kubintu bya plastike imwe.

Niba ukomeje gutanga plastike yabujijwe gukoreshwa rimwe nyuma yitariki ya 1 Ukwakira, ushobora gucibwa amande.

Hariho gusonerwa kubuzwa, bitewe nikintu.

Isahani, ibikombe hamwe na tray

Guhera ku ya 1 Ukwakira, ntugomba gutanga isahani imwe-imwe ya plastike, tray hamwe n’ibikombe kubaturage.

Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kuri plastiki imwe rukumbi

Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urimo kurwanya umwanda. Kuva ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2021, isahani imwe rukumbi, isahani, ibyatsi, imipira ya ballon hamwe n’uduti twa pamba ntibishobora gushyirwa ku masoko y’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Byongeye kandi, igipimo kimwe kireba ibikombe, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa bikozwe muri polystirene yagutse, nibicuruzwa byose bikozwe muri plastiki yangirika.

Ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike imwe rukumbi bikozwe byose cyangwa igice cya plastiki kandi mubisanzwe bigenewe gukoreshwa rimwe gusa cyangwa mugihe gito mbere yuko bajugunywa. Mu mategeko mashya, ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya pulasitiki byajugunywe ubundi buryo birahari birabujijwe. Ingamba zihariye nazo zashyizweho kugirango zigabanye ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa bimwe.

Amabwiriza yo kubuza plastike mu Bushinwa

Ubushinwa buri gihe bwibanze cyane ku ngaruka z’ibidukikije by’imyanda ya pulasitike kandi ni kimwe mu bihugu bya mbere byatanze "itegeko ribuza plastike". Nko muri Kamena 2008, Ubushinwa bwatangiye gushyira mu bikorwa "guhagarika plastike", binyuze mu giciro cy’ibiciro, kugira ngo hongerwe igiciro cy’imifuka ya pulasitike, mu rwego rwo gushishikariza no gukangurira abaturage kumenya kurengera ibidukikije, ingaruka zigaragarira bose. Amakuru afatika yerekana ko impuzandengo y’ubwiyongere buri mwaka yo gukoresha imifuka ya pulasitike mu Bushinwa yavuye kuri 20% mbere ya 2008 igera munsi ya 3% muri iki gihe. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2008 kugeza 2016, imikoreshereze y’imifuka yo guhaha ya pulasitike mu maduka manini no mu maduka yagurishijwe muri rusange yagabanutseho hejuru ya 2/3, hamwe no kugabanya umubare wa toni zigera kuri miliyoni 1.4 z’imifuka yo kugura plastike, bihwanye no kugabanya dioxyde de carbone hafi toni miliyoni 30 . Imipaka ya plastike yagize uruhare runini mu kubaka Ubushinwa bwiza no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.

Ibindi byinshi byakoreshejwe kubuza plastike biraza ...